Thinking About Policing
Research
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Start with a policing problem.
Find evidence to help you think it through.
Follow the question beyond its keywords, explore connected problems and return to the original sources.
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A question, followed properly
More than a keyword search.
Open up the problem
Look for the linked behaviours, harms and vulnerabilities, as well as the words you entered.
Follow the evidence
See direct and related studies, their methods, limitations and original sources.
Think about the next step
Use a detailed report to consider practical options and what still needs testing.
Where we look for evidence Research collections, specialist centres and original sources. 61 sources
Your question guides the search, including related harms, behaviours and vulnerabilities. The report records the sources actually searched and any access limits.
Discover more with ID-EBPAn international directory of research organisations and evidence resources. Opens in a new tabDirectory listings help us find research. We assess the original studies; a listing or rating is not a quality assessment.
61 sources in 5 groups.
Evidence collections12 sources
Reviews, toolkits and maps: start here when asking whether an intervention works.
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College of Policing · Crime Reduction Toolkit (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales · international evidence
Intervention reviews organised by effect, mechanism, moderators, implementation and economics (EMMIE).
Read the underlying review and its coverage dates; a toolkit rating does not establish local effectiveness.
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College of Policing · Research (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales
Research publications, priorities and links to the College’s evidence resources.
Separate completed findings from priorities, guidance and ongoing projects.
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College of Policing · Research projects (opens in a new tab)
UK projects · check each entry
Find research projects, researchers and potential practice partners.
A project listing is not an evaluation finding.
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College of Policing · Evidence gap map (opens in a new tab)
International evidence
Locate policing randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews across intervention and outcome areas.
The publisher currently states coverage of 2006–2021. It excludes other designs and interventions without direct police involvement. A study can appear in several cells; an empty cell does not prove no relevant research exists.
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National Police Library (opens in a new tab)
UK service · international literature
Papers, reports, theses, books and specialist research support.
Some databases and full texts have access conditions.
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CEBCP · Evidence-Based Policing Matrix (opens in a new tab)
International evidence
Explore and classify police-led crime and disorder intervention evaluations.
Requires crime or disorder outcomes, so studies solely about legitimacy, fear, use of force or investigation outcomes are excluded. Check the latest coverage dates; counts are not pooled effect sizes.
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Global Policing Database (opens in a new tab)
International evidence
Discover published and unpublished quantitative impact evaluations and reviews of policing interventions.
Excludes qualitative research; search specialist sources for experiences and implementation. Database and full-text access have separate conditions; inspect each study’s methods and setting.
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Campbell Collaboration · Crime and Justice (opens in a new tab)
International evidence
Systematic reviews of crime prevention and criminal justice interventions.
Check each review’s search date, included populations and uncertainty.
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Youth Endowment Fund · Toolkit (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales · international evidence
Evidence, costs and delivery considerations for preventing youth violence.
Average effects across studies do not predict the result for an individual programme or area.
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Youth Endowment Fund · Evidence and gap maps (opens in a new tab)
International evidence
Find programme and systems research relevant to children and youth violence.
Check included study types and dates before interpreting gaps.
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Center for Problem-Oriented Policing · Projects (opens in a new tab)
International examples
Problem-solving projects, Goldstein and Tilley Award examples and practical learning.
Award status is not an independent assessment of causal evidence; check the evaluation.
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Foundations · Toolkit (opens in a new tab)
UK practice · check study settings
Evidence assessments and practice resources for children and family interventions.
Check population, programme requirements and relevance to the proposed delivery setting.
Research centres and partnerships13 sources
Primary studies, implementation research and explanations of policing problems.
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Cambridge · Institute of Criminology (opens in a new tab)
UK and international research
Criminology, policing evaluations and research on crime and justice.
Institutional affiliation does not substitute for appraisal of the individual paper.
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UCL · Jill Dando Institute (opens in a new tab)
UK and international research
Crime science, prevention, security and policing research.
Separate empirical findings, modelling assumptions and research proposals.
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Scottish Institute for Policing Research (opens in a new tab)
Scotland · check each study
Scottish policing research, evaluations and practitioner publications.
Scottish institutions, law and delivery arrangements may differ from those elsewhere in the UK.
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Open University · Policing Research and Learning (opens in a new tab)
UK · check each study
Research-practice collaboration, organisational learning and policing studies.
Distinguish a project description or learning resource from evaluated outcomes.
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Cardiff · Universities’ Police Science Institute (opens in a new tab)
Wales, wider UK and international research
Policing vulnerability and high harm, neighbourhood partnerships, digital policing and research implementation.
Follow project summaries to original methods and findings; distinguish intended improvements from demonstrated outcomes.
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Portsmouth · Policing Research Group (opens in a new tab)
UK and international research
Police culture, trust, diversity, wellbeing, hate crime, training and organisational justice.
Match conclusions to the research design; qualitative insights do not estimate an intervention’s causal effect.
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Liverpool · Centre for Advanced Policing Studies (opens in a new tab)
UK and international research
Investigation, safeguarding, vulnerability, police organisations, serious crime and terrorism research.
Retrieve the individual study and identify its setting, methods and limitations.
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Centre for Justice Innovation (opens in a new tab)
UK · check each publication
Diversion, fairness, youth justice, problem-solving courts and justice reform research.
Separate practice descriptions and proposals from independently evaluated outcomes.
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Vulnerability & Policing Futures Research Centre (opens in a new tab)
UK · check each study
Policing, vulnerability, exploitation and the experiences of people using services.
Preserve distinctions between victimisation, offending and their overlap; match conclusions to the method.
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Contextual Safeguarding · Research (opens in a new tab)
UK · check each study
Research into harm outside the home and contextual safeguarding approaches.
Implementation accounts and qualitative evidence answer different questions from impact evaluations.
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CREST · Security threats research (opens in a new tab)
UK and international research
Interviewing, rapport, security threats, decision-making and collaboration.
Read the underlying study and its context; briefings are research translations.
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The Police Foundation (opens in a new tab)
UK · check report jurisdiction
Policing research, organisational questions and reform proposals.
Separate empirical findings from policy arguments and recommendations.
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NPCC · Science library (opens in a new tab)
UK · check each publication
Police science, research and evaluation outputs.
Check whether an output is a study, technical report, guidance or proposal.
UK data, law and public policy21 sources
Original statistics, legislation, scrutiny and inspection. Check the jurisdiction of each publication.
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ONS · Crime and justice (opens in a new tab)
Often England and Wales · check each series
Crime survey and recorded crime statistics, population context and methodology.
Survey and recorded crime measure different things; preserve geography, period and recording changes.
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Home Office (opens in a new tab)
UK / England and Wales · check publication
Policing statistics, powers, policy, research and evaluations.
Distinguish announcements and consultations from implemented policy or legal duties.
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Ministry of Justice · Data (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales · check dataset
Courts, sentencing, prisons, probation and reoffending statistics.
Check cohort definitions, follow-up periods, lags and denominators.
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HMICFRS (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales · check inspection remit
Force and thematic inspections, findings and recommendations.
Inspection judgements are not causal evaluations of interventions.
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National Crime Agency (opens in a new tab)
UK · check assessment scope
Serious and organised crime, threat and county lines assessments.
Intelligence assessments are not prevalence surveys or intervention evaluations.
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Independent Office for Police Conduct (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales
Complaints, misconduct, deaths following police contact and learning.
Check definitions and denominators; complaint counts alone do not measure all misconduct.
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House of Commons Library (opens in a new tab)
UK · jurisdiction varies by topic
Parliamentary research briefings explaining legislation, statistics and policy.
Follow original statutory and statistical sources, and check for later developments.
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UK Parliament · Committees (opens in a new tab)
UK · check inquiry remit
Scrutiny reports, inquiries and submitted evidence about policing and public services.
Distinguish witness submissions, committee conclusions and government responses; an assertion in evidence is not a verified finding.
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Scottish Government · Publications (opens in a new tab)
Scotland
Scottish crime and justice statistics, policy, research and evaluations.
Check Scotland-specific definitions and law; do not apply findings or legal duties to the whole UK.
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Police Scotland (opens in a new tab)
Scotland
Policing plans, performance publications and routes to Scottish operational research.
Recorded activity and performance measures do not by themselves establish intervention impact.
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HM Inspectorate of Constabulary in Scotland (opens in a new tab)
Scotland
Scottish policing inspection reports, scrutiny and improvement recommendations.
Inspection findings describe performance and practice; they are not necessarily causal evaluations.
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Welsh Government · Statistics and research (opens in a new tab)
Wales
Research and statistics on Welsh services, housing, health, safeguarding and communities.
Check devolved responsibilities and geography; Wales-specific service arrangements may differ elsewhere.
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Northern Ireland · Department of Justice (opens in a new tab)
Northern Ireland
Justice statistics, policy, publications and evaluations for Northern Ireland.
Check Northern Ireland law, institutional arrangements, definitions and publication dates.
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Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (opens in a new tab)
Northern Ireland
Official statistics, population context and research for Northern Ireland.
Read dataset methodology; measures and coverage may differ from other UK series.
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Police Service of Northern Ireland · Statistics (opens in a new tab)
Northern Ireland
Recorded crime and other official policing statistics for Northern Ireland.
Preserve recording definitions, time periods and denominators; activity counts are not impact estimates.
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National Audit Office (opens in a new tab)
UK central government · check remit
Public spending, implementation, delivery and value-for-money scrutiny.
Scope and audited periods vary; value-for-money findings are not always causal impact estimates.
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data.police.uk (opens in a new tab)
England, Wales and Northern Ireland · check coverage
Local crime, outcomes and stop-and-search data for exploration.
Location anonymisation, coverage and definitions differ from some official statistical series.
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legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab)
UK jurisdictions · check extent and commencement
Original and revised statutory text, amendments and commencement provisions.
Enacted does not mean commenced; inspect outstanding changes, extent and the version in force.
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The National Archives · Find Case Law (opens in a new tab)
UK courts and tribunals · check coverage
Published judgments and legal reasoning from the original court record.
Check court, date, jurisdiction, subsequent decisions and whether the relevant judgment is covered.
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Crown Prosecution Service (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales
Prosecution guidance, legal analysis and research.
Guidance is not itself legislation; check the cited law and current version.
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BAILII · UK judgments (opens in a new tab)
Use the applicable UK court and jurisdiction
Discover published judgments and follow relevant UK legal authorities.
An independent legal database with incomplete coverage; check court, jurisdiction, later treatment and the original judgment where available.
Safeguarding, vulnerability and health8 sources
Specialist evidence on harm, victims, children, relationships and health.
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The Children’s Society · County lines toolkit (opens in a new tab)
UK · check resource jurisdiction
Exploitation, safeguarding and county lines practice resources.
Identify whether a claim comes from research, service data, advocacy or practice guidance.
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NSPCC Learning (opens in a new tab)
UK nations · jurisdiction-specific resources
Child safeguarding research, reviews and practice learning.
Check nation-specific law and distinguish reviews, guidance and primary research.
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Centre of expertise on child sexual abuse (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales · check research settings
Child sexual abuse evidence, scale, identification and response.
Prevalence, recorded incidents and service demand use different denominators.
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SafeLives · Research library (opens in a new tab)
UK · check dataset and service coverage
Domestic abuse, victim experience and service research.
Service-user data may not represent everyone experiencing abuse; inspect selection and comparison.
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NIHR Evidence (opens in a new tab)
UK relevance · study settings vary
Accessible research summaries on health, mental health and public health.
Follow the original study; the summary does not replace appraisal of methods and applicability.
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Cochrane (opens in a new tab)
International evidence
Systematic reviews for health, addiction and related interventions.
Check search dates, certainty and whether health-service findings transfer to policing settings.
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NICE (opens in a new tab)
Check nation, topic and guidance status
Evidence reviews and guidance on health and relevant services.
Guidance is not automatically a policing legal duty; check scope, version and applicability.
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Youth Justice Resource Hub · Research and evaluation (opens in a new tab)
England and Wales · check each study
Youth justice research, evaluation reports, reviews and learning about children in the justice system.
Separate practice material from research findings and consider exploitation, safeguarding and children’s experiences alongside reoffending.
Find and follow the research7 sources
Research discovery, practitioner translation and accessible copies. Follow the underlying study.
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ID-EBP · International Directory of Evidence-Based Policing (opens in a new tab)
International source directory
Discover research organisations, evidence collections and specialist sources beyond the initial topic wording. Follow each profile to its original publisher.
Searches source profiles, not every external paper. Listings, ratings and verified ownership do not assess research quality; record which destinations were actually searched.
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Society of Evidence Based Policing (opens in a new tab)
UK practitioner network
Research briefings, presentations, learning and practitioner connections.
Follow primary references; a presentation or practitioner account may not report a completed evaluation.
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Police Science Dr (opens in a new tab)
UK relevance · international research
Accessible policing research summaries and learning.
Read the primary source before relying on a finding in a decision or report.
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OpenAlex (opens in a new tab)
International scholarly record
Research metadata, citation discovery and links to available versions.
Metadata and citation counts do not establish research quality; coverage is incomplete.
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CORE (opens in a new tab)
International repositories
Find accessible research papers and repository versions.
Check version, publication status and whether the copy contains the full methods and results.
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UKRI · Gateway to Research (opens in a new tab)
UK-funded research
Find funded projects, researchers and associated outputs.
Funding or registration of a project is not evidence that an intervention works.
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UK Data Service (opens in a new tab)
UK and international datasets
Quantitative and qualitative datasets with documentation and access routes.
Respect dataset-specific access conditions and study methodology.
No catalogue sources match. Try a broader subject or a source name.
Catalogue updated 19 October 2026. This is a starting point, not a complete list of available research or a record of completed searches. Individual sources have different coverage and access conditions.
An evidence-led starting point for judgement and local testing. Each report shows what was found, what was read and where the evidence is uncertain.